Improving Pea Growth and Nutrient Efficiency in Calcareous Soils through the Synergy of Organic Amendments and Chemical Fertilizers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46568/bios.v5i1.165Keywords:
chemical fertilizer, crop residues, manures, growth traits, nutrient uptake, peasAbstract
Introduction Soil fertility in Pakistan is hindered by insufficient and unstable organic matter, leading to stagnation and a decline in overall agricultural productivity. Methodology A pot study was conducted in 2018-19 comprised of four treatments including T1 = Recommended NPK fertilizer, T2 = NPK+FYM, T3 = NPK + Poultry manure, and T4 = NPK + Plant residue based on Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and was replicated thrice. Result The results exhibited significant differences in peas’ growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency across the organic amendments. Among them, the higher plant height (70.63 cm), pod length (9.37 cm), and pod yield (158.63 g pot-1) was observed in T3 followed by T2. Regarding nutrient concentration and uptake, both T2 and T3 treatments elevated leaf tissue levels of N (4.76% and 5.03%), P (1.01% and 0.98%), and K (2.27% and 2.31%). These values were statistically comparable, accompanied by higher but non-significant P uptake (0.61 and 0.67 g pot-1) and K uptake (1.13 and 1.21 g pot-1) for the respective treatments. Further, higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use efficiency (49.4, 5.20, and 42.0%) were recorded in T3 followed by T2. Together with that significantly positive correlation between soil properties and pod yield was found which reflects the nutrient-supplying power of soil under organic amendments. Conclusion Consequently, it is suggested that the joint utilization of organic additives of any source and chemical fertilizer is necessary for increasing yield and nutrient use efficiency over sole chemical fertilizer application in calcareous soils.
References
Pritchard I. Growing field pea. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, 2015. https://agric.wa.gov.au/n/1755
PBA-Pulse Breeding Australia. Southern/Western Field Pea–Best Management Practices Training Course, 2016.
Avramenko S. Which Country Produces the Most Green Peas in the World? Other Non-Perennial Crops, November 07, 2017, (https://www.indexbox.io/blog/which-country-produces-themost-green-peas-in-the-world/)
Government of Pakistan. Agricultural statistics of Pakistan 2015-16. Ministry of Food, Agric. & Livest. Econ. Wing, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2016.
Pulse Australia. Northern Region Field Pea Management Guide, 2010. https://sydney.edu.au/agriculture/documents/pbi/pbi_region_north_field_pea_management_guide.pdf
Pulse Australia. Southern/western field pea best management practices training course, module 2-2016. Draft. Pulse Australia Limited.
Hamid A, Ahmad N. Integrated Plant Nutrient System: Development and Rural Poverty Alleviation. In: Regional Workshop on Integrated Plant Nutrient System Development and Rural Poverty Alleviation 2001, Bangkok, Thailand, 18-20 September 2001.
Aslam M. Agricultural productivity current scenario, constraints and future prospects in Pakistan. Sarhad J Agric 2016, 32(4): 289-303.
Syed A, Raza T, Bhatti TT, Eash NS. Climate Impacts on the agricultural sector of Pakistan: risks and solutions. Environmental Challenges 2022, 6: 100433.
Ayoub AT. Fertilizers and the Environment. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 1999, 55: 117-121.
Solomon WGO, Ndana RW, Abdulrahim Y. The Comparative study of the effect of organic manure cow dung and inorganic fertilizer N.P.K on the growth rate of maize (Zea Mays L.). Int J Aagric Sci Res 2012, 2:516-519.
Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Li YC. The role of nutrient efficient plants in improving crop yields in the twenty first century. J Plant Nutr 2008. , 31: 1121-1157.
Mahajan A, Gupta RD, Sharma R. Bio-fertilizers-A way to sustainable agriculture. Agrobios Newsletter 2008, 6: 36-37.
Tanimu J, Uyovbisere EO, Lyocks SWJ, Tanimu Y. Effects of Cow Dung on the Growth and Development of Maize Crop. Greener J Agric Sci 2013, 3: 371-383.
Ewulo BS, Ojeniyi SO, Akanni DA. Effect of poultry manure on selected soil physical and chemical properties, growth, yield and nutrient status of tomato. Afr J Agric Res 2008, 3(9): 612-616.
Tu C, Ristaino JB, Hu S. Soil microbial bio-mass and activity in organic tomato farming systems: Effects of organic inputs and straw mulching. Soil Biol Biochem 2006, 38: 247-255.
Bouyoucos GJ. Hydrometer method improved for making particle-size analysis of soils. Agron J 1962, 53: 464-465.
Estefan G, Sommer R, Ryan J. Methods of Soil, Plant, and Water Analysis: A Manual for West Asia and North Africa Region. Third Edition, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Beirut 2013, 84-105.
McKeague JA. Manual on Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. 2nd Edition, Canadian Society of Soil Science, Ottawa 1978, 212 p.
McLean EO. Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Page, A.L. (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis, Part 2: chemical and microbiological properties. AM. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA 1982, P. 199-224.
Richards LA. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline Alkali Soils, Agriculture, 160, Handbook 60. US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC 1954.
Walkley A, Black IA. An Examination of the Degtjareff Method for Determining Soil Organic Matter and a Proposed Modification of the Chromic Acid Titration Method. Soil Science 1934, 37: 29-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
Jones JB. Kjeldahl method for nitrogen determination. Micro-Macro Publishing Inc., Athens, GA, USA 1991.
Sultanpour PN, Schwab AP. A new soil test for simultaneous extraction of macro-micro nutrients in alkaline soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 1977, 8: 195-207.
Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with NaHCO3, USDA Cir.939. U.S. Washington 1954.
Knudsen D, Peterson GA, Pratt PF. Lithium, sodium and potassium. In: A.L. Page (ed.). Methods of soil analysis, part 2: Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA 1982, pp. 225-245.
Wolf B. The comprehensive system of leaf analysis and its use for diagnosing crop nutrient status. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 1982, 3: 1035-1059.
Bremner JM. Total Nitrogen. In: Norman, A.G., Ed., Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 9.2, Am Soc Agron 1965, 1149-1178.
Cottenie A. Soil and Plant testing as a basis of fertilizer recommendations. FAO soil Bulletin 38/2. Differences de techniques. Fruits 1980., 32:151-166.
Steel RGD, Torrie, JH, Dicky DA. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A Biometrical Approach. 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, Inc. Book Co., New York 1997, 352-358.
Analytical Software. Statistix 8.1 for windows. Tallahassee, Florida: Analytical Software 2005.
Mohammadi K, Heidari G, Khalesro S, Sohrabi Y. Soil management, microorganisms and organic matter interactions: A review. Afr J Biotechol 2011, 10(84):19840-19849.
Metha T, Narendra S, Tarence T. Impact of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures on soil health, growth and yield attributes of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. Arkel.
Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2016,.3(6): 165-167.
Fatahi E, Mobasser HR, Akbarian MM. Effect of organic fertilizer on wet weight, dry weight and number of leaves in cowpea. J Nov Appl Sci 2014, 3(4):440-443.
Adekiya AO, Agbede TM. Growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) as influenced by poultry manure and NPK fertilizer. Emir J Food Agric 2009, 21(1): 10-20. http://cfa.uaeu.ac.ae/ejfa.shtml 10
Husson O. Redox potential (Eh) and pH as drivers of soil/plant/microorganism systems: A transdisciplinary overview pointing to integrative opportunities for agronomy. Plant Soil 2013, 362:389-417.
Adediran AJ, Taiwo BL, Akande OM, Sobule AR, Idowu JO. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. J Plant Nutr 2004, 27: 1163-1181.
Bokhtiar SM, Sakurai K. Integrated use of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of sugarcanes in High Ganges River Floodplain Soils of Bangladesh. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 2005, 36: 1823-1837.
Dorado J, Zancada MC, Almendros G, López‐Fando C. Changes in soil properties and humic substances after long‐term amendments with manure and crop residues in dryland farming systems. J Plant Nutr Soil sci 2003, 166(1): 31-38.
Beri V, Sidhu BS, Bahl GS. Crop residue management. In: Recent advances in agronomy. Indian Society of Agronomy, New Delhi, India 2002.
Arora N, Maini P. Anaerobic digested slurry -an input for sustainable agriculture. Asian J Exp Sci 2011, 25(1):59-6259.
Rahman SA. The Place of Organic Manure in Sustaining Agricultural Development in Nigeria. Paper presented at Science Technology and Society National Workshop in Lafia, Nasarawa State, 11th July, 2004.
Deksissa T, Short I, Allen J. Effect of Soil Amendment with Compost on Growth and Water Use efficiency of Amaranth. In: Proceedings of the UCOWR/NIWR Annual Conference: International Water Resources: Challenges for the 21st Century and Water Resources Education, July 22-24, 2008, Durham.
Mujeeb F, Rehmatullah, Akhtar J, Ahmed R. Integration of organic and inorganic P sources for improving P use efficiency in different soils. Soil Environ, 2010, 29(2):122-127.
Dean AN, Reddy TE, David TL. Soil carbon content and composition of 130 year crop pasture and forest land use management. Glob Chang Biol 2007, 10:65-78
Angers DA. Impact of tillage practices on organic carbon and nitrogen storage in humid soil of eastern Canada. Soil Tillage Res 1997, 41:191-201.
Bunemann EK, Schwenka GD, Van Zwiten L. Impact of agricultural inputs on soil organisms – a review. Aust J Soil Res 2006, 44: 379-408.
Curl CL, Fenske RA, Kissel JC, Shirai JH, Moate TF, Griffith W, Coronado G, Thompson B. Evaluation of take-home organophosphorus pesticide exposure among agricultural workers and their children. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002, 110: A787-792.
Peck GM, Andrews PK, Ritcher C, Reganold JP. Internationalization of the organic fruit market: The case of Washington States’ organic apple export to the European Union. Renew Agric Food Syst 2005, 20: 101-112.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Javed Anjum, Mustajab Ahmed Khan, Juma Khan Babar, Faheem Ahmed, Meraj Khan Domar, Muhammad Ejaz, Tariq Ziad, Syed Rehan Fareed, Hidayatullah Kakar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
